Throughout history, society's policies have impacted education as they do today. Beginning with the grammar schools, the Massachusetts School Law of 1647 established the tradition of more formal education within each town. Although often overlooked, it required cities to establish and publicly fund elementary schools. Pedagogical qualifications of this period included high moral standards, political loyalty; swear allegiance to the crown, single men for economic reasons, etc. An act of acculturation occurred between the 1600s and 1700s, placing Native American children in boarding schools far from their tribes to strip them of any traditions they may have had. In January 1794, Congress met to respond to threats of war with Great Britain and Spain. The entire republican process seemed to be vulnerable; America needed to resist foreign conspiracies. Bellwethers turned to edification to develop a national identity. Political indoctrination had to coexist with political liberation. Children were edified utilitarianism, indicating that the moral value of an action is determined by its outcome: put simply, cessations justify the expedient. Obligation, recognition and noble behavior made up the habits of virtue, that is, a sense of civility. The scheme would strengthen inculcation, be it central or state. The Land Ordinance of 1785 orchestrated by Jefferson would use revenue from land sales to maintain public schools. Jefferson believed in universal edification and proposed Bill 79 of 1779 - The Most General Diffusion of Learning. He challenged the elitist view that building was a privilege and not a right. However, the bill was submitted. In 1857, Pennsy...... center of paper...... homeless. Under President Roosevelt in 1933, the Civilian Conservative Corps was created to focus on youth between the ages of 18 and 21, where they were fed, clothed, and protected. In a military manner, these young people worked on rural conservative projects. The Cold War brought profound changes to America, including inculcation. The public and many politicians became concerned about political witch hunts and the uncovering of apostasy conspiracies by the Communists. The USSR exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, forcing President Truman to create the Federal Civil Defense Administration, prompting the beginning of the formation of Civil Defense. Overcrowding occurred in schools and funds were in short supply due to the Great Melancholy and revenues were diverted towards war reparations. In 1957, the U.S. Bureau of Inculcation estimated a shortage of approximately 250,000 classrooms.