OBJECTIVES1. Distinguish the four fundamental qualities of taste: salty, sweet, bitter and sour.2. Identify whether distinctions exist between samples and standards using different sensory testing approaches.3. Evaluate the various cake samples using the hedonic and rating scales. INTRODUCTION Sensory evaluation is a scientific discipline that analyzes and measures the human response to the composition of foods and drinks. Sensory evaluation examples included appearance, touch, odor, texture, temperature, and taste. Taste is a sensation created by receptors on the tongue. There are five tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami. Sweet has the flavor or aromatic characteristics of sugar or honey while bitter has a sour and unpleasantly acrid taste like aspirin. On the other hand, salty means to taste something that contained salt or was seasoned with salt. Acid has a sour taste, similar to that of vinegar, lemon juice, and so on. Finally, umami is a strong meaty flavor imparted by glutamate and some other amino acids that is often considered one of the basic taste sensations along with sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. The methods used to determine whether samples are different are: Paired Comparison test, Duo-Trio test and Triangle test. The paired comparison method is the method used to determine whether two samples differ on a specific dimension such as sweetness or freshness. The two samples are presented simultaneously to the presenter and the presenter is asked to identify the sample with the highest specified sensory attribute. Next, the Duo – Trio test is a test that will determine whether or not there is a sensory difference between two samples. This method is particularly useful for determining...... half of the paper ......each rater's ability to arrive at a correct answer by guessing is ½.Duo-trioThe raters are presented with three products, one of which is identified as control. Of the other two, one is identical to the control, while the other is the product to be tested. Raters are asked to indicate which product most closely resembles the control. AXY – one known, two unknown, the test is which unknown is the known (X = A or Y = A) The probability for each rater of arriving at a correct answer by guessing is ½. Triangle Raters are presented with three products, two of which they are identical and the other different. Raters are asked to indicate which product they think is the odd one. (XXY) – three unknowns, the test is which product is odd (Y = 1, Y = 2 or Y = 3). The probability for each rater to arrive at a correct answer by guessing is 1/3.