Microorganisms began life on Earth billions of years ago. They gave rise to the biosphere from the formation of photosynthesis by bacteria creating an oxygen atmosphere that helped plants and animals develop. Microbes are generally unicellular and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Without microorganisms, nothing would be supported and maintained on Earth in nature and life. Microbes help keep nature's water and soil clean by removing toxins and degrading organic matter into a form of recycling from dead animals and plants (Anon., 2014). Species of microorganisms can survive in different types of habitats such as; any pH range (from extreme acidic to extreme alkaline), temperature rise (from a hot environment of 144°C to cold environments of -15°C), salinity range (from fresh water to sodium chloride saturation) ( Mahony, 2009). Microbes have evolved a variety of mechanisms to digest food, reproduce, and find energy. For agriculture, medicine, warfare, and energy production, scientists use these skills to create them (Noel, n.d.). Microbes play an important role in Earth's ecosystems composed of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. They can be beneficial or dangerous for nature and in biotechnological processes. The importance of microorganisms in natureHow microorganisms work for nature Microorganisms are important in nature as they are made up of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen etc. to produce living material. Nutrients from these elements are important for different types of organisms. Primary elements of microorganisms; Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen aid the earth's ability to recycle the composition of all living systems (Kenneth Todar, 2012). Primary production Photosynthetic organisms are involved in primary production. ......middle of paper ......ordans in the walled city to spread disease. Before scientists fully understood how diseases were caused by microbes, events such as the colonization of the Americas included many cases of Europeans using the smallpox virus against the native population. 20th century scientists perfected the technique of warfare by using microbes as weapons. Biological warfare or bioterrorism was used in wars such as the two world wars, in which Germany used microbial diseases on its enemies and prisoners of war. Other countries have begun to develop their own biological weapons such as anthrax (a type of microbial bacterium) which affects the lung, gastrointestinal, and skin pathways in humans and animals. Some countries still use biological weapons programs but other countries have signed treaties to limit the use of biological weapons (Noel, n.d.)Conclusions