Einhard, in his account of Charlemagne, and Ibn Battuta, in his account of Mansa Sulaiman, testify to the way in which these two kings governed their lands and provide a insight into how culture has evolved an effect on people's opinions of their leaders. Although each lived in different cultures, each ruler embodied similar characteristics, such as the influence of religion on their kingdoms. However, there are also many distinct differences, and each narrative contains cultural biases that cannot be ignored. Overall, each account thoroughly analyzes each ruler and infuses its observations with the culture of the time, which is integral to obtaining an accurate portrayal of who these men were. First, each ruler embodied an aspect of his religion, which was derived from their religion. respective cultures. Einhard has many references to the way in which the Frankish king portrayed himself as a Christian ruler, for example he gives the reader a detailed account of Charlemagne's worship habits. On pages 54 and 55 he writes: “He (Charlemagne) was an assiduous worshiper of this church. . . going morning and evening, even after sunset...". In addition to his personal participation in the cult, he was also extremely charitable in his country and even outside his kingdom. After hearing about the poor Christians living in Syria, Egypt, and Africa, he immediately became sympathetic and tried to send them money. According to the charity of his country, he once donated such a large number of clerical robes that even those who occupied the least important positions in the Church were obliged to wear them. He undertook maintenance and construction projects for churches, such as the basilica of Aix-la-Chapelle. Charlemagne also had specifics...half of the paper...of the...sions above. Both authors compliment effective governments. Ibn Battuta states that the internal government is very effective and Einhard emphasizes that the Franks are a well-governed society. Through their books, authors demonstrate their cultural expectations of rulers. Einhard believes that a ruler should lead by example and shows the forced conversions of people in a positive light. Ibn Battuta's cultural expectations are much more personal: he judges a culture by how well it is treated by rulers. Because he is a scholar of Sharia law, he thinks he inherently deserves gifts from rulers. His knowledge of the law also leads him to disapprove of cases where Islam is not strictly followed. Despite this slight bias, these books constitute a rich documentation of an archaic period in history, full of magnificent kings and leaders..