“Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly exposure therapy, has garnered a great deal of empirical support in the literature for the treatment of anxiety disorders” (Gerardi et al., 2010). Exposure therapy is an established treatment of PTSD (Chambless & Ollendick, 2001) and therefore is a benchmark for comparing other therapies (Taylor et al, 2003). “Exposure therapy typically involves the patient repeatedly confronting the feared stimulus in a gradual manner, both in imagination and in vivo. Emotional processing is an essential component of exposure therapy” (Gerardi et al., 2010). “Exposure therapy in the virtual environment allows the participant to experience a sense of presence in an immersive, computer-generated, three-dimensional, interactive environment that minimizes avoidance behavior and facilitates emotional engagement” (Gerardi et al., 2010 ). This therapy is believed to be more effective because it allows better access to people's emotions regarding their traumatic event. In EMDR the participant is asked to recall the memory and its associated eye movements, then a series of lateral eye movements is induced by the therapist moving their finger across the participant's visual field (Taylor et al., 2003). Marks, Lovell, Noshirvani, Livanou, and Thrasher (1998) conducted their study on “Treating PTSD by Exposure and/or Cognitive Restructuring.” Marks et al. (1998) the primary purpose of the study was to answer questions from controlled studies of PTSD regarding the value of cognitive restructuring alone without prolonged exposure therapy and whether its combination with prolonged exposure improves. The study involved 87 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder lasting at least 6 months...... half of the document ......8). In the second article they concluded that after testing 3 different treatments (prolonged exposure, relaxation training and eye movement) exposure therapy appeared to be more effective and faster in decreasing results than the other treatments (Taylor et al., 2003). The results of the final study were very similar to the other two, but with a new type of exposure therapy. The third study found that, although virtual reality is in its preliminary stages, it is still effective in treating individuals with PTSD (Gerardi et al., 2010). It has proven to be effective in many different environments as it continues to grow (Gerardi et al., 2010). Overall, all three of these articles demonstrated that exposure therapy has produced positive results in treating individuals with PTSD, and with new advances like virtual reality, it will continue to grow and help people who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder..
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