Ruben used Da Vinci's technique in his anatomy studies and in his drawings which were mainly of human figures. However, he was more focused on the clear representation and efficiency of his works, unlike Leonardo Da Vinci. (Tsaneva 2013) • Ruben copied the painting titled “The Battle of the Banner” which was the famous cartoon by Leonardo Da Vinci, while he was in Spain working on a series of paintings. (Paul Rubens, 2015)• Ruben retouched some paintings by Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo. He used black chalk for the initial drawing and Christoffel Jegher, another painter, went over it with pen and ink, and later Ruben touched it up with ink, brush and tempera. Figure 4 shows this technique being used in retouching Peter Paul Rubens' work while under the influence of Michelangelo. The work is entitled Nude Youth Turning to right. (Logan, Rubens and Plomp,