Processual Archeology was a movement in the archaeological field that began in the 1960s and changed the course of archeology forever. Anthropologists like Julian Steward were absolutely influential on many archaeologists and anthropologists during the early 1960s with his theories of cultural ecology which established a scientific way of understanding cultures as human adaptation to the surrounding environment (Steward, 1955: 36-38) . It was approaches like Stewards that ultimately led to the rejection of cultural-historical approaches to the archaeological record and pushed the ideas of cultural evolution and its reaction with the environment. This approach to cultural systems was essentially a rejection of the cultural-historical approach of determinism, suggesting that environment influences culture but is not a deterministic characteristic and that both culture and environment were two separate systems dependent on each other on the other for change. Steward, 1955: 36). Following Steward, existing explanations of migration and cultural diffusion as explanations for the formation of cultural systems became inadequate. Thompson, argued that simply recognizing that migration had occurred was not sufficient to explain cultural systems, but that the processes that drove migration were important (Thompson 1958: 1). Leslie White, went on to propose that cultural systems function as a reaction of humans and their environment and, consequently, the materials created relate to the relationship with their environment through tools, techniques and symbolism (White, 1959:8). .These eminent anthropologists paved the way for Lewis Binford and his absolutely influential article entitled Archeology as Anthropology in which Binfo... half of the article... appropriate use when trying to explain complex ones (Salmon 1978: 179 -180) . Trigger notes that the fundamental flaw of systems theory was that "it was less useful in explaining change than it was in describing it" (1989: 308). Although there have been important criticisms of systems theory, it is still occasionally applied to modern systems. everyday archeology to describe the components of cultural systems. For example, in the field of paleolinguistics, Colin Renfrew, in re-examining the Proto-Indo-European language and arguing for the spread of Indo-European languages across Neolithic Europe in connection with the spread of agriculture,[11] outlined three fundamental and primary processes through which a language is spoken in a given area: initial colonization, replacement and ongoing development. From some obvious reasoning he arrived at some radically new conclusions.
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