According to Ratzel, a nation had to grow and above all expand to establish living boundaries that could be subject to change over time. This in fact goes back to Ratzel's organic theory of the nation, where according to him the nation is a living body that grows and must be subject to change to sustain itself and compete in the international economy. (Anissimov, 2013) No geographical dimension is the limit because Ratzel argues that even if there are borders; states manage to expand their living space by incorporating the living space of the defeated or underdeveloped, both economically and politically. (Foreign Affairs, 2014) This is exactly what Germany did during the period of wars that divided the world, trying to enlarge its territories by subjugating its geographical neighbors. The geographical dimension is important because it is through it that a country tries to ally with each other for personal interests such as, for example, primary resources or for power, etc. After September 11, many things changed because terrorist attacks by members of al Qaeda broke down all sorts of barriers that might exist between nation-states. The importance of the United States was much more accentuated and the presence of America in world politics acquired much more importance. Ratzel during his studies focused much more only on land power than sea power and underestimated the impact of air power in geopolitics, the same fundamental impact that in 2001 changed everything with l attack on the World Trade Center. One of the scholars who focused on the relevance of the geographical dimension and how it shapes international relations between states was Kaplan.Kaplan in his article, T...... middle of paper ......s Sir Halford Mackinder who was not only a great geographer but the father of modern geography. In his article, “The Geographical Pivot of History” he established and explained the importance geography has in shaping international relations. The famous quote that determines the nature of his ideals is: "Man and not nature initiates, but nature largely controls" (Kaplan, 2009) According to Mackinder therefore nature has understood since geography is therefore relevant because also if it is men who start wars and conflicts, it is still nature that controls everything. It is still nature that governs a state's decision to take any action; focusing for example on the issue of sea and land energy. Men install military installations in all the ports of the world because the geographical dimension in which they live could be dangerous for them