1.This approach was developed by JP Dunlop of Harvard University in 1958. This approach involves individuals who are part of an independent and continuous social system. Individuals' behavior, actions and roles are based on internal culture. There are three elements to the systematic approach; input, process and output. Society and the institutions within it create the system that influences the process, which then determines the outcome or response of individuals. This theory is based on the idea that individuals are shaped by society and social factors (Humanresource.com). Marxist Approach The Marxist approach looks at industrial relations from a social perspective. He sees industrial relations as a small-scale version of a capitalist society. This approach is based on the assumption that industrial relations under capitalism are inevitable and would therefore be a source of conflict. According to Marxist, industrial conflict is central to industrial relations, yet actual clashes are rare. The approach also sees it as a form ...