A clarinet is a wind instrument. Most clarinets are made of wood. The instrument consists of a tube with a mouthpiece at one end and a bell-shaped opening at the other end. A clarinet has open holes and other holes covered by small metal levers called keys. The musician places his fingertips on the holes and keys and blows on a flat reed attached to the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates, producing a full, rich tone. The musician plays different notes covering or uncovering various holes. Clarinets are produced in five pitches. The B flat soprano clarinet is the most popular. Johann Cristoph Denner built the clarinet in Germany in the 18th century by adding the regester key to the previous chalumeau. Over time, additional keys and appropriate pads were added to improve the tone and playability. Today the clarinet is used as jazz and classical ensembles, in camber groups and as a solo instrument. There are many types of clarinets: chalumeau, E-flat clarinet, soprano clarinet, alto clarinet, bass clarinet, basenet horn, contry alto clarinet, contrabass clarinet, and piccolo. clarinet. First spelled clarinets. Used orchestrally as military bands. Clarinets have the widest range of tones among common woodwinds.[7] The intricate key organization that makes this extension possible can make some passages awkward to play. The lower part of the clarinet's written range is defined by the action on each instrument, standard action patterns allowing for a low E on the common B♭ clarinet. The lowest concert pitch depends on the transposition of the instrument in question. Almost all soprano and piccolo clarinets have a keyboard that allows them to play E below middle C as the lowest written note (in scientific pitch notation it plays D3 on a soprano clarinet or C4, i.e. concert middle C, on a clarinet piccolo), although some B♭ clarinets drop to E♭3 to allow them to accommodate the range of the A clarinet.[8] On the B♭ soprano clarinet, the concert pitch of the lowest note is D3, a whole step lower than the written pitch. Most alto and bass clarinets have an extra key to allow for an E♭3 (written). Modern professional-quality bass clarinets generally have additional fingerboards beyond the written C3.[9] Among the less commonly encountered members of the clarinet family, contraalto and contrabass clarinets may have keys to write E♭3, D3, or C3; [10] the basset clarinet and the basset horn generally go on the bass.1. The mouthpiece and reed are surrounded by the player's lips, which exert light, even pressure on the reed and form an airtight seal.