In 2013, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James Rothman, Randy Schekman and Thomas Sudhof for their pioneering research on cell signaling pathways. Together, they were able to resolve many questions we had about how this precise cell-to-cell regulation is made. With their work, many scientists around the world can apply their discoveries in various ways. Thanks to our extensive genomic studies, we have been able to sequence many genomes of various organisms. With the research we have done, we have seen many similar genetic sequences between yeast and some human sequences, corresponding to our similar evolutionary ancestor. This has led many researchers to study human conditions by studying yeast counterparts as model organisms, as Randy Schekman did to "identify some genetic controllers in the cell's transport system" (1). In his genetic studies he investigated the defective transport mechanisms of yeast cells, which consequently led to congestion of vesicles in some parts of the organism as they were not transported correctly. By precisely observing all the genes that were at play in this condition, he identified some… half of the paper… to the corresponding human genes. Thanks to our understanding of how transport vesicles bind to plasma membranes to deliver their cargo, James Rothman has identified protein complexes on target vesicles and membranes that ensure precise binding. Finally Thomas Sudhof discovered some proteins that bind calcium in nerve cells and which are activated only when nerve cells release neurotransmitters to communicate with other nerve cells at certain times (timing precision). The work of all these scientists has been truly remarkable and will have a profound impact on the future of medical research. A