IndexIntroductionThe English and French monarchies at the time of the warThe economic situation of both countriesThe main phases of the Hundred Years' WarThe first phase of the war (1337-60)The second phase of the warThe third phase of the warThe fourth phase of the warThe end of the warConclusionReferencesIntroductionThe Hundred Years' War developed into a long conflict between England and France over the succession to the French throne. It became more effectively known as the "116 Years' War" because it lasted from 1337 to 1453. The war begins with a sequence of stunning British victories, and English soldiers manipulate France for decades. According to legend, the Hundred Years' War began on May 25, 1337, when French King Philip VI confiscated the English-held Duchy of Guyenne. This seizure, alternatively, was preceded by the use of ongoing disputes over English fiefdoms in France dating back to the 12th century. This essay aims to reflect the various aspects of the Hundred Years' War. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essayEnglish and French monarchies at the time of warThe English monarchy weakened for a long time and the French had the upper hand. Although both kings were secure in their positions, their methods of succession – Philip's through magnate desire and Edward's with the aid of his father's dismissal – had some flaws. Way assembled an army by the end of July 1328. As stated by Curry (2003), Philip led his forces to a cavalry victory over the Flemings on 24 August and Louis was restored. However, Flanders' difficulties persisted when Louis was driven out again in 1339, allowing Edward to forge an alliance with the Flemish citizens. The conflict may have arisen due to problems generated with the help of the English king's possession of dominions in France. The French had already tested their assertiveness. However, the English had failed to control their territory without a fight. When Robert I died on 7 June 1329, his five-year-old son, David II, ascended to the kingdom. Edward Balliol, son of John who was proclaimed king in 1291, risked his arm during an invasion of Scotland in 1332 (Beauregard, et al. 2018). Edward III may also have given his approval in secret. Balliol's victory at Dupplin Moor on 12 August 1332 and subsequent coronation on 25 September led Edward to support. Military organizations and weapons are associated with both nations. Both had the previous military advantage, so arming the troops became second nature. In France, the monarch used his feudal privileges to force the aristocracy to serve and convene the population through the arriere-ban. Indeed, the latter was often used to acquire funds rather than provide services (Curry, 2003). These rights were much less explicit in England, but the monarch had to rely on the aristocracy and county taxes for military assistance. All troops in each kingdom were paid, a machine begun in the reigns of Edward I and Philip IV. Because they had to ship troops across water, the English found themselves at a disadvantage. This mission was greatly facilitated in their possessions in southwestern France due to the deployment of Gascons in their defense, aided by the remarkably wide variety of minor nobles in the area (Caudrey, 2019). This method could increase between 5,000 males. They were grateful for the opportunity to serve for money and in defense of their homeland. An English monarch is more excellent than a closer French king.Furthermore, especially within the wine exchange, commercial ties brought Anglo-Gascon pastimes closer together. The defections to the French were an opportunity. The counts of Foix, Albret and Armagnac, for example, were explicitly tenants and neighbors of the king-duke. Gunpowder weapons were scarce and primitive at the beginning of the war (Cusack, 2019). As illustrated by the miniatures, they existed and were employed at Sluys and other battles. However, they were not used in large numbers until the latter part of the century, when cast iron and cast iron parts became available. The economic status of both countries The French monarch had the advantage of financing his forces, usually from his dominions, which generated 28 tons of silver every 12 months. By the time of Philip IV the idea had arisen of the king's force to impose a defense tax without consulting any legislative meeting, based entirely on the payment by men and women for exemption from military responsibility. Although there were various exemptions, not the least of which was that of the aristocracy (Fulton, 2018). The English monarch depended on taxes to supplement his land earnings, which simply amounted to 6 tons of natural silver per year. Taxes on chattels had begun in earnest under King Edward I and ended almost annually under Edward II, although they required the approval of the Commons. This no longer necessarily turned into a disadvantage as it allowed the king to announce his plans and rally the population behind him. The crown needed to recruit more widely because the English aristocracy was inferior to the French. King Edward III, like his predecessor, relied heavily on loans. Major Phases of the Hundred Years' War The first phase of the war (1337-60) Philip was suspected of having organized a naval invasion of England from Normandy in 1339. When he arrived in May, the attack was shorter than expected. However, it was enough to harass beaches in Devon, Sussex and Kent. In July, the British mustered enough ships to oppose a planned assault on the Cinque Ports. England's role might have been considerably more difficult had it not been for a rebellion by Philip's Genoese sailors. With pressure from 10,000-15,000 men, Edward and his supporters marched on Cambrésis, where he had jurisdiction thanks to his imperial vicariate (van den Broek, 2020). They entered France on October 9, the feast of Saint Denis, probably not on purpose. They wore small components, signaling that they expected Philip to be dragged into battle without delay. The campaign of 1340 immediately became larger, linked to Edward's declaration of the throne. In the summer of 1345, Edward broke the ceasefire, strengthened by the adoration no longer of the better John of Montfort, who had escaped from France, but also of Godfrey de Harcourt, a renegade Norman noble. Armies were to be sent to Brittany, Gascony and northern France under the command of Henry of Grosmont. The Second Phase of the War Although England and France were legally at peace in 1360, the infantrymen of both nations were engaged in various formal operations. and router operations. Civil battle raged in Brittany until Sir John Chandos' English and Breton forces defeated and assassinated Charles of Blois at Auray on 28 September 1364. French civil strife with Charles of Navarre continued until 15 May 1363, while du Guesclin was victorious at Cocherel . (Curry, 2003). The French captured Abbeville, Ponthieu's capital, in April. In February the English sent 350 men there, but these were not enough to preserve the territory. Due to the fall of Ponthieu, other forces destinedat Gascony they were redirected to Calais in May, and a new commander with 800 men was chosen, Gaunt's son, the Earl of Hereford. Between 1369 and 1380, the English army's campaign, crucial to this period, was extraordinarily substantial and costly, with nearly 30,000 soldiers recruited for the expeditionary force. The third phase of the war At the request of Henry, Prince of Wales, a navy of 800 men-at-men and 3,000 archers led by the Earl of Arundel were sent to Burgundy in October 1412. In addition to the opportunities afforded by internal French differences, these precedents do not really push Henry V to adopt an uncompromising approach towards France (Curry, 2003). His tough diplomatic stance was observed through a massive attempt by the navy in 1415 to organize an excursion. In 1418, Henry enlisted aid using a force of at least 12,000 soldiers, with more effective reinforcements arriving in later years. The renewal of military subjects and close ties with the civilian population received particular attention. The Fourth Phase of the War Between 1430 and 1431, the English sent nearly 7,000 men to Paris, because Charles lost his courage. As a result, the British were able to avoid further losses. After long sieges, Louviers was recaptured, reuniting England with most of the people of Normandy. After the trial in Rouen, Joan was arrested and taken from the scene in May 1431 (Curry, 2003). In December 1431, the young King Henry VI was able to visit Paris in relative protection for his coronation. The English and French agreed to a ceasefire on May 28, 1444, the first end since 1415. As a result, between these dates they have the longest period of uninterrupted fighting in the entire Hundred Years' War. end of the warThe culmination of the Hundred Years' War brought a sense of closure to a conflict that had lasted for generations. By the mid-15th century, warfare had taken its toll on both England and France, leading to war weariness and a growing desire for peace. The final phase of the war saw a series of diplomatic efforts and negotiations that gradually paved the way for its conclusion. One of the key turning points came with the Treaty of Arras in 1435, which saw Burgundy, a significant player in the war, change sides to align with France. This change in alliances marked a shift in the balance of power and weakened England's position. The treaty marked the beginning of a process that would lead to the definitive cessation of hostilities. In 1444 a significant development occurred with the signing of the Truce of Tours. This truce marked the first long period of peace in the conflict, which lasted nearly a decade. It was a truce that allowed both nations to reevaluate their positions, rebuild their economies and care for their war-weary populations. The truce also set the stage for broader negotiations aimed at a lasting solution. The turning point that finally ended the war came with the signing of the Treaty of Picquigny in 1475. This treaty, negotiated between King Louis hostility. A significant aspect of the treaty was the payment of a large sum of money by the English to the French, in exchange for which the French agreed to permanently cease their support of the rebellious English subjects. The Treaty of Picquigny marked the practical end of the Hundred Years' War, although it was not formally recognized as such. Over time, the importance of the war diminished and the dynastic and territorial issues that had fueled the conflict became less.