A monogenic disease is a condition caused by the interaction of a single pair of genes. Compared to the other polygenic condition in which several genes are involved (polygene). Monogenic disease is less common than polygenic disease. It is also less complicated than the latter and can follow a pattern based on Mendelian inheritance. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essayThey are inherited according to Mendel's laws (Mendelian disorders). The mutation can be spontaneous and where there is no previous family history. Inheritance patterns can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive. Over 10,000 human disorders are caused by a change, known as a mutation, in a single gene. Because monogenic disease involves a single pair of genes, the dysfunctional or mutated gene can be identified more easily than polygenic disease. In monogenic disease, a single genetic mutation can lead to the disease. Monogenic diseases are mostly pediatric disorders. Hence, it can be seen mainly in children. Some of the human diseases due to autosomal dominant single gene defects include polycystic kidney disease, neurofibromatosis type I, familial hypercholesterolemia, hereditary spherocytosis, Marfan syndrome, and Huntington's disease. Examples of autosomal recessive monogenic disorders include sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, phenylketonuria, mucopolysaccharidosis, glycogen storage diseases, and galactosemia. X-linked monogenic disorders are mutations of a single gene on the X chromosome. They include hemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Y-linked monogenic diseases are associated with mutations of a single gene on the Y chromosome and are very rare. These are passed on from father to children. Mitochondrial disease is another example of a monogenic disorder and involves mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to offspring. Autosomal dominant disease is one of several ways that a trait or disorder can be passed down (inherited) through families. In an autosomal dominant disease, if you inherit the abnormal gene from only one parent, you can get the disease. Often one of the parents can also be affected by the disease. The inheritance of a disease, condition, or trait depends on the type of chromosome affected (non-sex or sex chromosome). It also depends on whether the trait is dominant or recessive. A single abnormal gene on one of the first 22 nonsex (autosomal) chromosomes of either parent can cause an autosomal disorder. Dominant inheritance means that an abnormal gene from one parent can cause the disease. This happens even when the corresponding gene from the other parent is normal. The abnormal gene is dominant. This disease can also occur as a new condition in a child when neither parent has the abnormal gene. A parent with an autosomal dominant condition has a 50% chance of having a child with this condition. This applies to every pregnancy. This means that each child's risk of contracting the disease does not depend on whether their sibling has the disease. Children who do not inherit the abnormal gene will not develop or pass on the disease. If someone is diagnosed with an autosomal dominant disorder, their parents should also be tested for the abnormal gene. Examples of autosomal dominant disorders include Huntington's disease and neurofibromatosis type 1. Some health problems run through families. There are several ways this can happen. To give birth to a baby with that.