LEADERSHIPThe term leadership has been defined in many ways according to Howard Gardner (1995). President Harry Truman, an infamous leader, could get people to do what they don't want to do but like him (Gardner, 1995; cited in Parker & Begnaud, 2004). Eileen Ford, of a well-known modeling agency, defines leadership as the “ability to convince people to do what you want them to do as if they had thought of it themselves” (Karns & Bean, cited in Parker & Begnaud, 2004). Leadership guru Warren Bennis describes leadership as “those who make contributions make a difference in the organization, thereby giving meaning to their work” (Czarnecki, 2010). Leadership occurs when one attempts to influence the behavior of an individual or group (Bennis & Nanus 1995; cited in Morley, Moore, Heraty, Gunnigle). LEADERSHIP THEORIESEarly leadership theories were called theories of universalism because studies focused on the universal characteristics of good leaders - which are the personality traits or styles that make leaders effective (Brain, 2002). Trait theories suggest that some individuals possess innate or innate characteristics that can be assigned to leaders and non-leaders. Trait theory also suggests that personal qualities such as “physical” factors, for example height, personality and other characteristics such as extraversion, intelligence and communication skills are also a key characteristic of this theory (Guy , 2010). Further research has led to behavioral studies theories that examine the behavior of effective leaders rather than their personal characteristics on the basis that the secret of good leadership lies in one's actions (Brain, 2002). Modern research tends to lead to contingency theories, which emphasize the relationship... middle of paper......Daft,R,L & Marcic,D (2011). Understanding management. (7th ed.) Ohio: Western Wengage.Daniel primal leadership p.256 Goleman, Richard E. Boyatzis, Annie McKee - 2004 Harved SchoolBeer Corporate Press, et al. (2008) Psychiatric Intensive Care, New York: Cambridge University Press, p.333. Stepen M. Pereira, Carol Paton The Fundamentals of Leadership: Essential Tools of the Trade by Floyd Sheldon (2010) Arizona USA; P.46Leading People: Expert Solutions to Everyday Challenges, London, England: Harvard Business School Publishing, p.9.The Foundations of Leadership: Essential Tools of the Trade by Floyd Sheldon (2010) Arizona USA; P.46Daft, R. (2008) Management, 8th ed. Ohio, USA: Thomson South Western, p.507.”business balls, access website.http://www.businessballs.com/personalitystylesmodels.htm#belbin%20team%20roles%20descriptions