Water transportation is not flexible because it is limited within water bodies. The use of containers has become the best intermodal option for water transportation where goods are placed in containers and transported via truck or rail to the port where they are loaded onto a container ship. Upon arrival at the port of destination it is unloaded and transported again by rail or railway to the final consumer. This helps reduce staffing needs, transit times, and damage (Haulk, 1998). Pipeline transportation is the use of pipes to transport various products from one point to another. These tubes can be made of metal, plastic, or even ceramic. It is efficient in transporting oil and natural gas over long distances. It is also convenient and economical in oil and natural gas transportation compared to road and rail modes of transportation. It allows the transport of large volumes of goods (Clifford
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