Plant responses often reflect indirect effects of climate on soil nutrients and moisture as much as direct effects on plant physiology (Dukes, et al ., 2009). Processes such as habitat loss, modification and fragmentation, as well as the introduction and spread of non-native species will be affected by climate change impacts (Gitay, Suarez, Watson, & Dokken, 2002). A realistic projection of the future state of the Earth's ecosystems should also take into account patterns of human land and water use, which will greatly influence the ability of organisms to respond to climate change through migration (Gitay, Suarez, Watson and Dokken,