Topic > Heloise and Abelard: focus on right and wrong - 940

According to Abelard, morally wrong actions are distinguished by four things. First, there is a mental vice that makes us prone to sin, such as lust and desire, followed secondly by the sin itself which depends on the situation. The third is the will to evil and finally the doing of evil. It keeps them separate because "to will and to do the will are not the same thing, so to sin and to do the sin are not the same thing" (2-511-L). Just as there is a difference between someone who intended to push someone off the train platform but stumbled before he could carry out the act and someone who succeeded. There is also a difference between the individual who has the intention or desire to push someone versus the one who actually carries out the act. In this way it separates the intention or will of the agent from the act he performs. This is important because according to Abelard we sin only when we act out of contempt for God and since contempt for God resides in our decision-making process, we can only sin when we decide to. Abelard clarifies this decision-making process more fully and explains that it consists of three parts: suggestion, pleasure, and consent. He says we are guided through the three so that we are initially persuaded by a sinful thought, followed by the pleasure we take in both thinking it and realizing it. Ultimately, it is by acquiescing, rather than resisting or controlling ourselves, that we become involved in and commit sin. On the contrary, Abelard also believes that the action performed out of respect or good intention can never be sinful “When you perform an action free of contempt you do nothing wrong” (2-512-L). He gives the example of followers of Jesus who, despite being told directly in the middle of the paper, we love and care for them precisely because we love and care for them. Her devotion to Abelard and following his interests, while beyond the limits that most would pursue, are still rooted in her love for him: a selfish interest. However, I give Heloise the benefit of the two because she bases her philosophy on the observed world, in this case her own life, rather than relying on the writings and beliefs of others to make a claim to what is good, as one can see from its observance “They consider the purity of the flesh a virtue, although virtue does not belong to the body but to the soul. I may win praise in the eyes of men, but I deserve none before God, who searches our hearts and our loins and sees into our darkness. I am judged religious in a time when there is little in religion but hypocrisy, when he who does not offend the opinions of men receives the highest praise.”