Reference groups are groups that people identify psychologically and in which they serve as sources of self-evaluation. Reference groups also influence how people become, how they think and act, as well as what they believe. There are two types of reference groups: positive and negative reference groups. Positive reference groups refer to the groups that people aspire to become, while negative reference groups refer to the groups with which we do not want to be identified. Having knowledge of a reference group will help people understand why some groups behave in certain ways. The way to clarify the way a person behaves is through knowledge of what type of reference group the person considers and which he does not. My target groups are executives, excellent students, uneducated people and criminals. The first reference groups serve as a positive reference group because I would like to belong to the managers' groups. Being an executive and running a company has been my aspiration as I watch the way they work and behave from news and movies. Their intelligence and hard work motivated me to study harder to achieve my goal, which is to be one of them. By observing their way of talking to customers, running the company efficiently and negotiating business, I self-evaluated my performance and imitated their working style. I took a negotiation course and a business management course to evaluate my knowledge and performance. I read books about running a business and decision making. Attending seminars and career fairs is one of the ways I have tested my performance and compared it to that of successful executives. Interview training showed how much my skills have improved and my current knowledge compared to the competition in the brand... middle of paper... explained why a non-smoking student might become a smoker once they enter a school with a high rate of smoking among students. In conclusion, reference groups are very important in shaping an individual's identity and behavior, whether they are positive or negative reference groups. Although primary groups such as family and peer groups are very important, the reference group motivates people to achieve their goal and also serves as self-evaluation. A person who wants to become a teacher will begin to identify with those groups and will be socialized to have particular expectations associated with those groups. Knowing people's reference groups can help in decision making and understanding the behavior pattern of those people. The goal for people to have reference groups is to satisfy and conform to the expectations and behaviors of groups that are important to them.
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