Declare research findingsThe results of the study by Dale, Bakketeig and Per Magnus (2016) on alcohol consumption among new mothers and its effects on infants who were preterm at birth not indicate a clear reduction in the risk related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Surveys issued at the fifteenth week of gestation received a response rate of 94.9%, with a sample size of 101,769 for the questionnaire and 108,327 from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry (MBRM). The data collected was narrowed down to a total of 46,252 participants who met the criteria of primiparous women with singleton pregnancies who gave birth between 22 and 43 weeks of gestation. In this study, the incidence of preterm births was 5.9%, or 2,729 out of 46,252 births, with a mean gestation length of 40 weeks and a mean of 39.47 weeks for both drinkers and non-drinkers during pregnancy (SD = 2.03). For prepregnancy drinkers, the average pregnancy length was 39.48 weeks (SD = 2.02) (Dale et al., 2016). The data included 93 births before 22 weeks of gestation that were included in a sensitivity analysis. To explore the potential impact of mothers who did not respond to alcohol consumption during pregnancy (n = 381), the researchers compared the data to the main analysis and found that estimates regarding the impact of alcohol consumption on very early preterm births were similar to previous ones. results obtained regarding drinking before and during pregnancy. Therefore, alcohol consumption in this study cannot be linked to preterm birth (Dale et al., 2016). Describe the differences in outcomes between the groups in the study and support your description with examples from the Dale et al. study. (2016) reported that there were several typical differences between drinking and non-drinking women ca...... middle of paper ...... excluding potential risk factors for preterm birth, including previous pregnancies and multiple births . Therefore, these findings should only apply to the risk of alcohol use for primiparous mothers with singleton pregnancies. However, despite the lack of risks identified in this study, alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been linked to disability. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP, 2011), its adverse effects include fetal alcohol syndrome, learning disabilities, social ineptitude, depression, and anxiety. The AACAP strongly recommends that pregnant women consume any form of alcohol at any level. Despite the data presented by Dale et al. (2016), the question of other risks of alcohol consumption on the fetus has not been explored and therefore alcohol consumption during pregnancy should not be condoned solely on the basis of this study.