According to Crummell, all the racial problems of this land can be solved with the Christian notion of "universal brotherhood" in which "love and peace prevail among men." He sets up his argument by examining the history of racial laws to see if there is a starting point to begin determining how best to manage the residences of various races in a single region. This leads him to a discussion about different types of racial mixing; fusion, voluntary amalgamation of races, expulsion from the region, absorption into a different people, extinction, or a separate and distinct existence from neighboring races. From this point of view we then ask: has a new race formed in the United States? For Crummell the answer is no. Due to the violent nature of mixed-race origins in the South, fusion is not an appropriate response. Many interracial individuals are the product of rape. He discusses how the “forced victimization of defenseless black women” and this “gross and violent mingling of Southern white blood cannot be taken as an index of the future of the black race.” He concludes by speaking of race as a family, of “divine origin,” and of the impossibility of eliminating race. After excluding previous methods of managing race relations, he maintains that "the racial problem is a moral one", "fought with weapons of