Throughout the Middle Ages, people saw the cosmos as the basis of social order here on Earth. The celestial layers were representations of medieval society and the church. The hierarchy of the Kings and the Pope over their subjects was justified by the hierarchy of the celestial bodies; it was considered natural and no one questioned it because it has been that way for so long. Medieval life was centered on God, respecting the doctrines of the Catholic Church and strengthening the faith. Arts and literature in the medieval age featured divine and supernatural beings that promoted the power and influence of the church. Spiritual and religious themes were constantly the subject of paintings, sculptures and literary works. However, the same church-commissioned artists would later pioneer change in how society looked at the world around them and pretty much everything that was thought to be fixed and stable. The long-established order of the church and medieval society will gradually crumble due to man's growing curiosity and thirst for learning, which began when Europeans recovered ancient Greek texts from the Arabs. Suddenly, mathematics and science became very important to great scholars who were slowly moving away from Aristotelian thinking as they searched for concrete evidence and explanations about how the world worked. However, education at the time was reserved exclusively for royalty and the wealthy, so the only way ordinary people could access learning was to become a priest or member of the church. One of those men was Roger Bacon, a Franciscan friar, who was a tireless advocate of both mathematics and experimental science (Wertheim, chapter 2, page 50). He urged the…middle of paper…understands perfectly what is actually written in the Bible. In the Renaissance, society's focus shifted from the religious to the secular. What began as Christian philosophers' search for God became something much more with their thirst for curiosity. Along with the arrival of Greek manuscripts that contained so much valuable information, interest in mathematics and science skyrocketed. Much of this change was possible thanks to perspective painters who gave people a completely new method of observing the world. People have become more open-minded and accepting of new ideas which have led to new discoveries and technologies. A broader perspective has allowed the European community to move away from the ancient way of life that carried it forward. Literature, science and visual arts showcased humanistic values ​​and individualism, collectively influencing individual subjects.