The relationship that forms between a child and its mother, and between the child and its father, is the first attachment relationship that a child develops as a new living being. The caregiving relationship is so important that studies have shown that insecure attachments formed in early childhood can affect personal and social relationships throughout the child's life. Secure attachment promotes trust and confidence in other people (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2013). Insecure attachments formed in childhood can lead to low-quality relationships and impaired social development. Mary Ainsworth discovered the four types of attachment by studying how a child reacts to the separation and union of the mother, in a procedure called the Strange Situation (Kail and Cavanaugh, 2013). Ainsworth found that the infant forms one of four attachments; secure attachment, avoidant attachment, resistant attachment or disorganized (disoriented) attachment. The child formulates an internal working model to evaluate the parent's reliability and sensitivity. A child is born with an internal working model and temperament that contributes to forming a relationship with parents. It is important for parents to understand when to give affection to their child, and not to become angry or discouraged when the child cries or is upset. To form a great relationship, it is important to be flexible and understanding. Recognizing the four types of attachment, secure, avoidant, resistant and disorganized (disoriented), helps us understand from infancy how a child interacts socially and helps determine what his or her future relationships will be. With education a mother can learn how to care for a child in the best way possible, which will have a great influence on her child's ability to form successful relationships throughout his life.
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