ContextIn a study of children who had a family member or family member incarcerated before their 18th birthday, Loper & Nichols (2012) attempted to address the impact that such incarceration had on these children. It was expected, consistent with prior literature, that home incarceration would impact academic outcomes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between family incarceration and two outcomes: failure to graduate from high school and prolonged school absence. Loper and Nichols (2012) examined three factors:1. Whether youth with incarcerated family members experienced greater social and economic adversity and poorer educational outcomes than the rest of the sample.2. Whether incarceration of household members is responsible for differences in educational outcomes, beyond measured economic adversity.3. The influence of the prisoner's specific relationship (parent, sibling, other family member) on the youth's academic achievement. The research used for this study comes from the 2010 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child and Youth Survey, which is current and relevant. It is also based on research conducted on the child rather than the parent. Current literature suggests that researchers move toward a child-centered perspective, as opposed to a parent-centered perspective. Focusing on the child allows researchers to access the impact of parental incarceration on the child (Phillips, 2010). The significance of this study is articulated by the authors as providing guidance for more specific interventions based on school experiences based on how these children differ from their peers. Loper and Nichols (2012) identify several relevant theories surrounding their hypothesis. The f...... middle of the paper...... model. Psychological Review, 101(4), 568–586. Dallaire, D., Ciccone, A., & Wilson, L. (2010). Teachers' experiences and expectations of children with incarcerated parents. Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 31, 281–290. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. (2010). National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: Child and Young Adult Dataset [data file]. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/nls/nlsy79.html.Nichols, E., & Loper, A. (2012). Incarceration in the family: Academic outcomes of adolescents with an incarcerated family member. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(11), 1455-1471. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9780-9Phillips, S. D. (2010). The past as prologue: Parental incarceration, service planning, and intervention development in context. In J. Poehlmann & M. Eddy (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 13–32). Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.