Shaw and McKay (1942) specified residential mobility as a second aspect of social disorganization that influences crime rates. In the words of Kasarda and Janowitz (1974) communities operate "as a complex system of friendship and kinship networks and formal and informal associative ties rooted in family life and ongoing socialization processes." Population turnover, or the constant influx of new residents into an area, reduces opportunities for creating lasting relationships among neighborhood residents (Bursik, 1999). and organize collective efforts against unwanted behavior. Empirical tests of social disorganization find that the component of residential mobility is also mixed as it is associated with rates of violence (Hawkins, et al., 2000; Haynie & South).,