An advantage of outsourcing is that it provides a positive externality for all citizens: it reduces pollution in the country. Since all industrial manufacturing jobs are outsourced overseas, there is less need to have polluting factories in the country, resulting in less overall pollution. The same cannot be said for the country hosting the offshore factories, but on a national level it provides a significant benefit to all citizens. Additionally, outsourcing is great for reducing business costs and is good for businesses. In a CNN Money article, author and journalist Jose Pagliery interviewed a man named Mike Scanlin who decided to outsource his small business' programming operations. “Hiring programmers in nearby Silicon Valley would have cost him $600,000 over the course of a year. Instead, Scanlin hired programmers in Eastern Europe for as little as $37,000.” (Pagliery) While outsourcing jobs can be harmful to the American people and the country as a whole in terms of job losses, it is immensely cheaper to outsource and take advantage of foreign labor at reduced costs to businesses. This increases efficiency and allows companies to grow with their excess