Today's democratic societies practice representative democracy, but the ideal of true representative democracy, in which those elected to power reflect the population of a given society, is inconsistent with reality. The reality is that there is an under-representation of different minority groups both in terms of presence in political assemblies and in terms of substantive representation. History has shown that minority groups have been consistently underrepresented in most of the world's democratic societies, and while small improvements have occurred in some countries, in most cases minorities in general have yet to make impressive gains towards political representation. more effective. existing literature, the underrepresentation of minorities in countries around the world, and the potential impact of single-member plurality and “pure” proportional representation systems on such representation have been extensively studied by authors and social scientists such as Norris (2004), Lijphart ( 1994), Blais (2008), Pitkin (1997), Reynolds and Reilly (2005), and Diamond (2008). Although such studies have shown that minorities are better represented in “pure” proportional (PR) systems than in single-member pluralistic systems, little is known about the propensity of mixed proportional systems to provide minority groups with access to power and/or better representation. If a pure PR system favors political representation of groups and majoritarian systems discourage it, the big question concerns the effects of mixed systems. By combining the two fundamental electoral principles, how do mixed systems contribute to a fair representation of social interests? And secondly, they improvise... in the middle of the paper... the opener will attempt to answer the following questions: firstly, to what extent minority groups are elected and/or present in parliaments, and to what extent they are present in sufficient numbers to critically influence policy and decision-making? Second, how does the type of electoral system in place influence the amount of power or representation that racial and ethnic minorities can enjoy? And finally, how can increased minority representation lead to improved civic engagement? Based on the arguments presented by Ghai (2003), minority representation is a very important factor to consider when implementing public policies. It is understandable therefore why one of the driving forces behind the push for electoral reform has been the belief that electoral systems must better include and represent minority groups (Shugart and Wattenberg,